Choosing a Control Method for a Glass Heater in Automated Equipment
https://flexible-thermal-guide.timeforchangecounselling.com/how-a-kapton-heater-provides-heat-in-space-constrained-designs
In camera windows, a glass heater must deliver heat in a controlled way. It uses a glass panel combined with a conductive heating layer or heater element. One useful trait is anti-fog capability. Still, thermal stress can change the result